Saturday, August 18, 2012

wkyc: Education... Report: College tuition up more than 1000 percent in 30 years. http://t.co/FYqTr9AX #Education #wkyc

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Source: http://twitter.com/wkyc/statuses/236604958152200192

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Malvern. Food and drink prices. - TR Register Main Forum - TR ...

The one thing in my view which needs sorting out are the ridiculous food and drink prices of the mobile purveyors. A captive audience approach matching motorway service stations. Can the Register not have any control over this, presumably not. I guess the individual show ground gives out licences. If there was an opportunity it would not take much for the Register to hire a mobile unit and selling at reasonable prices make a good profit out of the captive audience.

Of course some would say if you do not like the prices do not buy. This in my view is wrong. There is nothing fair or reasonable about this. The apparent lack of complaint shown, by me also, just shows how weak and like sheep we all are.I heard background complaint but nobody did anything.

It puts me in mind of my father, a blunt Yorkshireman who had to tell it like it was and felt justified in publically putting right wrongs as he percieved them. We went to the Yorkshire show in the seventies and he bought a pint of beer from such a van. The price I think was 30p. The usual price in a pub 22p. He paid 22p and refused to give more. A scene ensued and a young constable appeared. The seller accused dad of theft. Dad accused the seller of theft. With an audiance supporting dad the constable was out of his depth. The seller then for some reason said that my mother looked like a sour witch, and a scuffle??followed.Nothing much developed after that and everybody including the constable drifted away, The customers disappeard and the van closed early. Later on various people clapped dad on the shoulder and said if more people had your attitude we would not be ripped off in this way. Actually dad was a generally mild mannered man until he saw something he thought very wrong.

To sum up the situation is wrong but I expect nothing can be done about it. Or can it?
David

Source: http://www.tr-register.co.uk/forums/index.php?showtopic=36715

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Source: http://braedon378.blogcindario.com/2012/08/00288-purchase-hardware-and-home-goods-at-closeoutsamerica-com.html

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Friday, August 17, 2012

Previously unknown cleaning system in brain: Newer imaging technique brings 'glymphatic system' to light

ScienceDaily (Aug. 15, 2012) ? A previously unrecognized system that drains waste from the brain at a rapid clip has been discovered by neuroscientists at the University of Rochester Medical Center. The findings were published online August 15 in Science Translational Medicine.

The highly organized system acts like a series of pipes that piggyback on the brain's blood vessels, sort of a shadow plumbing system that seems to serve much the same function in the brain as the lymph system does in the rest of the body -- to drain away waste products.

"Waste clearance is of central importance to every organ, and there have been long-standing questions about how the brain gets rid of its waste," said Maiken Nedergaard, M.D., D.M.Sc., senior author of the paper and co-director of the University's Center for Translational Neuromedicine. "This work shows that the brain is cleansing itself in a more organized way and on a much larger scale than has been realized previously.

"We're hopeful that these findings have implications for many conditions that involve the brain, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and Parkinson's disease," she added.

Nedergaard's team has dubbed the new system "the glymphatic system," since it acts much like the lymphatic system but is managed by brain cells known as glial cells. The team made the findings in mice, whose brains are remarkably similar to the human brain.

Scientists have known that cerebrospinal fluid or CSF plays an important role cleansing brain tissue, carrying away waste products and carrying nutrients to brain tissue through a process known as diffusion. The newly discovered system circulates CSF to every corner of the brain much more efficiently, through what scientists call bulk flow or convection.

"It's as if the brain has two garbage haulers -- a slow one that we've known about, and a fast one that we've just met," said Nedergaard. "Given the high rate of metabolism in the brain, and its exquisite sensitivity, it's not surprising that its mechanisms to rid itself of waste are more specialized and extensive than previously realized."

While the previously discovered system works more like a trickle, percolating CSF through brain tissue, the new system is under pressure, pushing large volumes of CSF through the brain each day to carry waste away more forcefully.

The glymphatic system is like a layer of piping that surrounds the brain's existing blood vessels. The team found that glial cells called astrocytes use projections known as "end feet" to form a network of conduits around the outsides of arteries and veins inside the brain -- similar to the way a canopy of tree branches along a well-wooded street might create a sort of channel above the roadway.

Those end feet are filled with structures known as water channels or aquaporins, which move CSF through the brain. The team found that CSF is pumped into the brain along the channels that surround arteries, then washes through brain tissue before collecting in channels around veins and draining from the brain.

How has this system eluded the notice of scientists up to now?

The scientists say the system operates only when it's intact and operating in the living brain, making it very difficult to study for earlier scientists who could not directly visualize CSF flow in a live animal, and often had to study sections of brain tissue that had already died. To study the living, whole brain, the team used a technology known as two-photon microscopy, which allows scientists to look at the flow of blood, CSF and other substances in the brain of a living animal.

While a few scientists two or three decades ago hypothesized that CSF flow in the brain is more extensive than has been realized, they were unable to prove it because the technology to look at the system in a living animal did not exist at that time.

"It's a hydraulic system," said Nedergaard. "Once you open it, you break the connections, and it cannot be studied. We are lucky enough to have technology now that allows us to study the system intact, to see it in operation."

First author Jeffrey Iliff, Ph.D., a research assistant professor in the Nedergaard lab, took an in-depth look at amyloid beta, the protein that accumulates in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. He found that more than half the amyloid removed from the brain of a mouse under normal conditions is removed via the glymphatic system.

"Understanding how the brain copes with waste is critical. In every organ, waste clearance is as basic an issue as how nutrients are delivered. In the brain, it's an especially interesting subject, because in essentially all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, protein waste accumulates and eventually suffocates and kills the neuronal network of the brain," said Iliff.

"If the glymphatic system fails to cleanse the brain as it is meant to, either as a consequence of normal aging, or in response to brain injury, waste may begin to accumulate in the brain. This may be what is happening with amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease," said Iliff. "Perhaps increasing the activity of the glymphatic system might help prevent amyloid deposition from building up or could offer a new way to clean out buildups of the material in established Alzheimer's disease," he added.

In addition to Iliff and Nedergaard, other authors from Rochester include Minghuan Wang, Yonghong Liao, Benjamin Plogg, Weiguo Peng, Edward Vates, Rashid Deane, and Steven Goldman. Also contributing were Erlend Nagelhus and Georg Gundersen of the University of Oslo, and Helene Benveniste of the Health Science Center at Stony Brook University.

The work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers R01NS078304 and R01NS078167), the U.S. Department of Defense, and the Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Rochester Medical Center.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Jeffrey J. Iliff, Minghuan Wang, Yonghong Liao, Benjamin A. Plogg, Weiguo Peng, Georg A. Gundersen, Helene Benveniste, G. Edward Vates, Rashid Deane, Steven A. Goldman, Erlend A. Nagelhus, and Maiken Nedergaard. A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid ?. Science Translational Medicine, 2012; DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/vA1WxPXmH9o/120815142042.htm

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Thursday, August 16, 2012

EPA to approve grain sorghum for cleaner ethanol

BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) ? The federal government is on the verge of approving a grain mainly used as livestock feed to make a cleaner version of ethanol, a decision officials say could give farmers a new moneymaking opportunity, boost the biofuels industry and help the environment.

A plant in western Kansas already is gearing up to take advantage, launching a multimillion-dollar renovation so it can be the first to turn sorghum ? a plant similar in appearance to corn ? into advanced ethanol. Advanced biofuels result in even less lifetime greenhouse gas production than conventional biofuels, measuring from the time a crop is planted to when the fuel is burned in a vehicle.

The only advanced biofuels in the United States now are sugar cane-based ethanol imported from Brazil and domestic biodiesel, a mixture of petroleum diesel and renewable sources such as soybean oil, said Matt Hartwig, spokesman for the Renewable Fuels Association. Advanced ethanol made from sorghum would give the nation another option as it aims to meet the federal goal of producing 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels per year by 2022.

"We need to continue to expand the base of feedstocks from which we produce biofuel," Hartwig said. "It's a good first step."

Almost all the ethanol produced in the U.S. now is conventional ethanol made from corn starch. Critics of the ethanol industry complain too much corn is going to energy production, resulting in higher food prices for consumers. Corn affects food prices in multiple ways because it's a widely used ingredient in food manufacturing and it's used to feed livestock.

More grain sorghum going to fuel production is unlikely to spark the same complaints, because it is not the main ingredient in a number of foods. While it can be used in human food, it's sold mainly to feed poultry, cattle and other livestock. Sweet sorghum produces edible syrup.

Sorghum also has environmental advantages. It is more tolerant of drought than other crops, including corn, and it produces about the same amount of ethanol per bushel as corn while requiring one-third less water.

It's less often used than corn in conventional ethanol because corn is much more plentiful, Hartwig said ? U.S. corn acres this year outnumber sorghum acres about 16 to one. Also, most ethanol plants are in the Corn Belt focused around Iowa and Illinois, while sorghum is grown primarily in the central and southern Great Plains. Along with Kansas, the top producers are Colorado, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas.

The Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that ethanol made from grain sorghum can qualify as an advanced biofuel if it's made at plants with the proper green technology. The agency has taken public comments and will issue a final determination later. No time frame has been set.

Its approval would make sorghum-based ethanol more attractive because advanced ethanol commands a higher price than conventional, said Chris Cogburn, strategic business director for the National Sorghum Producers.

The question, Hartwig said, is whether ethanol producers are willing to install the equipment needed to produce advanced ethanol from sorghum.

"It has great potential for the future and (is) something the industry will be exploring, but we don't know about the impact here in the near future," he said.

Western Plains Energy LLC in Oakley, Kan., which makes conventional ethanol, aims to be the first to upgrade to that technology. The plant is installing equipment that will use methane gas from cattle manure rather than natural gas, cut down on water use and turn waste into a fertilizer. The transition will cost $30 million to $40 million and could be done by the end of the year or early next year.

"We're going to try to produce over 50 million gallons (of advanced ethanol) per year," said Curt Sheldon, the plant's chief accounting officer. "At today's prices, we could probably pay for the project in two to three years."

Western Plains plans to buy 17 ? million bushels of grain sorghum a year from area farmers, and if more biofuel plants begin using sorghum, it has the potential to create a new and much bigger market for those growing the grain.

"Western Plains will be the first, but from our discussion with ethanol plants they won't be the last," said Cogburn, whose group helped push the EPA to recognize grain sorghum as a base for advanced biofuel. The effort also had support from the National Farmers Union.

No groups have stepped forward in opposition to approval.

Western Plains' switch to sorghum had to do with more than just economics, Sheldon said. Most of the company's managers and board members are farmers.

"And farmers are the ultimate environmentalists," he said. "They have to live on the land, work the land, raise their kids out there. We want to do our part."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/epa-approve-grain-sorghum-cleaner-ethanol-192359698--finance.html

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Wednesday, August 15, 2012

Fire-hit Chevron California crude unit seen shut 6 months: IIR

NEW YORK (Reuters) - The sole crude distillation unit at Chevron Corp's large Richmond, California, refinery may be shut for at least four to six months after last week's fire, industry intelligence group IIR Energy said in a report that suggests the outage may be twice as long as feared.

Investigators have found "extensive damage" in the cooling towers, pipe racks and heater tower, IIR Energy told clients on Friday.

Neither Chevron nor investigators have given any timeline for resuming full operations at the 245,000-barrel-per-day (bpd) plant, California's second largest, following an August 6 fire at its crude unit that caused a spike in regional gasoline prices.

A Chevron spokesman on Monday reiterated only that the No. 4 crude oil unit -- the only one at the plant -- was still shut down while other parts of the plant were operating.

Sources at the refinery said last week the unit could be shuttered for up to three months. The fire erupted at a pump leaking a substance similar to diesel, according to a preliminary report the company filed with county pollution regulators last week.

IIR Energy, which employees hundreds of researchers to gather operational information, first hand, about industrial facilities across the world, said that Chevron had not yet decided whether it would continue to operate some secondary units that are running down on-hand feedstock inventories.

Chevron could buy intermediate feed from the market, although in most cases it is difficult for a refiner that has shut down its crude unit to secure enough of this type of oil to keep producing motor fuels at the same rate.

Last week, the plant was producing gasoline at over 50 percent capacity, sources said.

The fire damaged the only atmospheric tower on the CDU, the unit that begins converting crude oil to motor fuel. The CDU makes feedstock for all other units at the refinery.

The blaze, which broke out as workers and the refinery's fire department were evaluating a leak at the pump, sent 949 area residents to an area hospital complaining of respiratory problems and eye irritation among other symptoms.

The U.S. Chemical Safety Board announced on Saturday it will pursue a full investigation of the August 6 fire.

The CSB said workers were attempting to stop a leak of gas-oil, an intermediate feedstock used to make gasoline, from a pipe connected to the crude distillation unit when the leak intensified, triggering a vapor cloud that exploded.

"Witness testimony collected by CSB investigators indicates that a large number of workers were engulfed in the vapor cloud," said CSB team leader Dan Tillema.

"These workers might have been killed or severely injured, had they not escaped the cloud as the release rate escalated and the cloud ignited, shortly thereafter."

One issue the Board will examine is why that portion of the pipeline which leaked was in kept in service after at 2011 maintenance overhaul of the refinery.

(Reporting by Jonathan Leff; additional reporting by Erwin Seba in Houston; Editing by Jeffrey Benkoe, Marguerita Choy and Ed Lane)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fire-hit-chevron-california-crude-unit-seen-shut-023732679--finance.html

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How to Cook Spaghetti alla Carbonara - Homemade Pasta Recipe

How to Cook Spaghetti alla Carbonara? Italian pasta is recognized as pretty much holy, and also in cases like this they're known as spaghetti alla carbonara. Italian bacon, known as pancetta, is actually the main ingredient listed here. Traditional spaghetti alla carbonara is in fact made out of guanciale, cured hog jowls, which will make this really unique, however because this isn't easily available, pancetta, that is typical with Italian marketplaces in the usa as well as within the deli section of several grocery stores, provides a great option. A fatty bacon, provided it is not smoked, is nearly nearly as good and it is most likely simpler to find. A couple of tablespoons of cream in many cases are added to avoid the eggs from curdling, even though some don't agree regarding whether it's suitable. A pepper mill is essential.

One of my personal buddies contends that this name for this pasta derives from Italian word carbone, so this means coal, simply because traditionally the actual dish has been covered along with black pepper whenever ?t had been served. This particular recipe serves Four to five.

How to Cook Spaghetti alla Carbonara - Homemade Pasta Recipe

?

INGREDIENTS:

  • 1 pound spaghetti (450 g)
  • 8 ounces pancetta, sliced about ? inch thick and cut crosswise into thin strips (225 g)
  • 2 whole eggs
  • 2 egg yolks
  • 3 tablespoons heavy cream
  • ? cup freshly grated pecorino Romano cheese (25 g)
  • 2 tablespoons freshly grated Parmesan cheese
  • Salt and freshly ground black pepper

DIRECTIONS:

  1. Bring a big pot of salted water to the boil. Put the pasta and prepare till it is just al dente.
  2. While pasta is actually cooking, inside a big, deeply skillet or flameproof casserole, cook the pancetta over moderate heat till it's golden, FOUR to 5 minutes.
  3. In the small bowl, beat together the whole eggs, egg yolks, cream, pecorino Romano, as well as Parmesan parmesan cheese. Give a pinch of salt along with a generous grinding of pepper.
  4. Drain the spaghetti and also add to the skillet using the pancetta with its rendered fat, combining carefully. Put the egg mixture covering the pasta and toss quickly on the smallest temperature to be able to coat equally. Take off from heat up the moment that egg starts to thicken. Continue tossing to mix well, putting some other grinding of black pepper.
  5. Offer immediately in the warmed up dish together with additional parmesan cheese plus a pepper mill on the side.

NOTE: In order to make this dish for less or maybe for a lot more persons, it's useful to know the typical proportion for carbonara for each person is normally 1? to TWO ounces (40 to FIFTY FIVE g) pancetta, 1 egg, 1 tablespoon pecorino Romano cheese, as well as 1 tablespoon Parmesan parmesan cheese. Whenever the number of portions is increased, I love to use a few whole egg plus some egg yolk, to have the sauce rich and silky.

? ?Follow the simple instructions carefully and you will be amazed how fantastic this unique recipe actually is. Lots of pleasure along with preparing for this pasta recipe and Bon Apetit.

Source: http://pasta.ezinemark.com/how-to-cook-spaghetti-alla-carbonara-homemade-pasta-recipe-7d370f37fb94.html

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